Brake Master cylinder to wheel cylinder ratios


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Many people lack an understanding of the importance of master cylinder to wheel cylinder ratios. This critical ratio is of paramount importance in determining "feel". It has been my experience that there is a "sweet spot" in the range. I like ratios in the 27:1 range-2 finger power brakes, feeling some line and/or caliper flex. 23:1 is at the other end of the spectrum-firm. Ratios lower than 20:1 can result a feel so "wooden" as to have a toggle switch effect: nothing happens until the wheel locks. Disc and wheel diameters must be taken into consideration. A 10 inch disc working against an 19" wheel just doesn't have the leverage ratio that a 13 inch disc working a 17" wheel does. The hand lever ratio counts too: witness the adjustable master cylinders from Lockheed and Brembo.

A case in point: I had a complaint from a racer about Ferodo CP901- a compound renown for its great feel. His comment was that they worked poorly until the wheel locked. He had been thrown on the ground twice. Intrigued, I inquired as to the application. "Yamaha RD350" he replied. A red flag went up. CP901 was not available for the 48mm Yamaha caliper. I asked "How that could be?" He had up-graded his braking system with the premier 41mm Lockheed unit, but was unaware that a master cylinder change was in order. A stock RD 350 has an already marginal ratio of 23.5 :1, and with Lockheed, became an unhealthy 17.2 :1. The "sweet spot" formula said a change to a 12mm master cylinder was in order, just to maintain the previous ratio, and my recommendation would have been an 11mm. He was able to switch to a 1/2" , and although not ideal, he was keeping the rubber side down.

from Vintage Brakes - check them out for brake shoes and pads for your bevel, great source
Master Cylinder to Wheel Cylinder Ratio Chart
() = number of active pistons MASTER CYLINDER
Diameter Area-mm2 11mm 12mm 1/2" 13mm 14mm 15mm 5/8" 16mm 11/16" 19mm
95.0 113.1 126.7 132.7 153.9 176.7 197.9 201.1 239.5 283.5
28mm 615.8 6.5 5.4 4.9 4.6 4.0 3.5 3.1 3.1 2.6 2.2
28mm (2) 1231.5 13.0 10.9 9.7 9.3 8.0 7.0 6.2 6.1 5.1 4.3
28mm (4) 2463.0 25.9 21.8 19.4 18.6 16.0 13.9 12.4 12.3 10.3 8.7
30mm 706.9 7.4 6.3 5.6 5.3 4.6 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.0 2.5
30mm (2) 1413.7 14.9 12.5 11.2 10.7 9.2 8.0 7.1 7.0 5.9 5.0
30mm (4) 2827.4 29.8 25.0 22.3 21.3 18.4 16.0 14.3 14.1 11.8 10.0
32mm 804.2 8.5 7.1 6.3 6.1 5.2 4.6 4.1 4.0 3.4 2.8
32mm(2) 1608.5 16.9 14.2 12.7 12.1 10.4 9.1 8.1 8.0 6.7 5.7
32mm(4) 3217.0 33.9 28.4 25.4 24.2 20.9 18.2 16.3 16.0 13.4 11.3
38mm 1134.1 11.9 10.0 9.0 8.5 7.4 6.4 5.7 5.6 4.7 4.0
38mm (2) 2268.2 23.9 20.1 17.9 17.1 14.7 12.8 11.5 11.3 9.5 8.0
38mm (4) 4536.5 47.7 40.1 35.8 34.2 29.5 25.7 22.9 22.6 18.9 16.0
41mm 1320.3 13.9 11.7 10.4 9.9 8.6 7.5 6.7 6.6 5.5 4.7
41mm (2) 2640.5 27.8 23.3 20.8 19.9 17.2 14.9 13.3 13.1 11.0 9.3
41mm (4) 5281.0 55.6 46.7 41.7 39.8 34.3 29.9 26.7 26.3 22.1 18.6
44mm (2) 3041.1 32.0 26.9 24.0 22.9 19.8 17.2 15.4 15.1 12.7 10.7
48mm 1809.6 19.0 16.0 14.3 13.6 11.8 10.2 9.1 9.0 7.6 6.4
48mm (2) 3619.1 38.1 32.0 28.6 27.3 23.5 20.5 18.3 18.0 15.1 12.8
48mm (4) 7238.2 76.2 64.0 57.1 54.5 47.0 41.0 36.6 36.0 30.2 25.5
50mm 1963.5 20.7 17.4 15.5 14.8 12.8 11.1 9.9 9.8 8.2 6.9
50mm (2) 3927.0 41.3 34.7 31.0 29.6 25.5 22.2 19.8 19.5 16.4 13.9
50mm (4) 7854.0 82.6 69.4 62.0 59.2 51.0 44.4 39.7 39.1 32.8 27.7